Gallbladder Cancer Worldwide: Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors.
From: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon cedex 08, France. randi@marionegri.it
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer
- Publish Date: Apr 2006
- ISSN: 0020-7136
- Volume: 118
- Issue: 7
- Pages: 1591-602
- Medium: Print
- Language: English
- Citation (JAMA): Randi Giorgia, Franceschi Silvia, La Vecchia Carlo, et al. Gallbladder Cancer Worldwide: Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors.. Int. J. Cancer Apr 2006;118:1591-602
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm that shows, however, high incidence rates in certain world populations. The interplay of genetic susceptibility, lifestyle factors and infections in gallbladder carcinogenesis is still poorly understood. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by cancer registry-based data. Epidemiological studies on gallbladder cancer were selected through searches of literature, and relative risks were abstracted for major risk factors. The highest gallbladder cancer incidence rates worldwide were reported for women in Delhi, India (21.5/100,000), South Karachi, Pakistan (13.8/100,000) and Quito, Ecuador (12.9/100,000). High incidence was found in Korea and Japan and some central and eastern European countries. Female-to-male incidence ratios were generally around 3, but ranged from 1 in Far East Asia to over 5 in Spain and Colombia. History of gallstones was the strongest risk factor for gallbladder cancer, with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 4.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3-7.4]. Consistent associations were also present with obesity, multiparity and chronic infections like Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi [pooled RR 4.8 (95% CI: 1.4-17.3)] and Helicobacter bilis and H. pylori [pooled RR 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-8.8)]. Differences in incidence ratios point to variations in gallbladder cancer aetiology in different populations. Diagnosis of gallstones and removal of gallbladder currently represent the keystone to gallbladder cancer prevention, but interventions able to prevent obesity, cholecystitis and gallstone formation should be assessed.
Mesh Headings (Keywords): Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Bacterial Infections, Cholecystectomy, Epidemiologic Studies, Gallbladder Neoplasms, Gallstones, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, World Health
Check for Full Text / PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID): 16397865
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