Balanced Excitation and Inhibition Determine Spike Timing During Frequency Adaptation.
From: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
- Publish Date: Jan 2006
- ISSN: 1529-2401
- Volume: 26
- Issue: 2
- Pages: 448-57
- Medium: Internet
- Language: English
- Citation (JAMA): Higley Michael J, Contreras Diego, et al. Balanced Excitation and Inhibition Determine Spike Timing During Frequency Adaptation.. J. Neurosci. Jan 2006;26:448-57
Abstract
In layer 4 (L4) of the rat barrel cortex, a single whisker deflection evokes a stereotyped sequence of excitation followed by inhibition, hypothesized to result in a narrow temporal window for spike output. However, awake rats sweep their whiskers across objects, activating the cortex at frequencies known to induce short-term depression at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses within L4. Although periodic whisker deflection causes a frequency-dependent reduction of the cortical response magnitude, whether this adaptation involves changes in the relative balance of excitation and inhibition and how these changes might impact the proposed narrow window of spike timing in L4 is unknown. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that spike output in L4 is determined precisely by the dynamic interaction of excitatory and inhibitory conductances. Furthermore, we show that periodic whisker deflection results in balanced adaptation of the magnitude and timing of excitatory and inhibitory input to L4 neurons. This balanced adaptation mediates a reduction in spike output while preserving the narrow time window of spike generation, suggesting that L4 circuits are calibrated to maintain relative levels of excitation and inhibition across varying magnitudes of input.
Mesh Headings (Keywords): Action Potentials, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Male, Neurons, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reaction Time, Somatosensory Cortex, Synaptic Transmission, Touch, Vibrissae
Check for Full Text / PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID): 16407542
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