Changes in Brain Gene Expression After Long-term Sleep Deprivation.
From: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA. ccirelli@wisc.edu
Journal of neurochemistry
- Publish Date: Sep 2006
- ISSN: 0022-3042
- Volume: 98
- Issue: 5
- Pages: 1632-45
- Medium: Print
- Language: English
- Citation (JAMA): Cirelli Chiara, Faraguna Ugo, Tononi Giulio, et al. Changes in Brain Gene Expression After Long-term Sleep Deprivation.. J. Neurochem. Sep 2006;98:1632-45
Abstract
Long-term sleep deprivation in rats produces dramatic physiological changes including increase in energy expenditure, decrease in body weight, and death after 2-3 weeks. Despite several studies, the sleep deprivation syndrome remains largely unexplained. Here, to elucidate how prolonged sleep loss affects brain cells we used microarrays and screened the expression of > 26 000 transcripts in the cerebral cortex. Rats were sleep deprived using the disk-over-water method for 1 week. Seventy-five transcripts showed increased expression in these animals relative to controls that had been spontaneously awake or sleep deprived for a few hours. Most of them were induced as a result of chronic sleep loss and not non-specific effects of the disk stimulation. They include transcripts coding for several immunoglobulins, stress response proteins (macrophage inhibitor factor-related protein 14, heat-shock protein 27, alpha-B-crystallin), minoxidil sulfotransferase, globins and cortistatin. Twenty-eight transcripts decreased their expression in long-term sleep-deprived rats. Sixteen of them were specifically decreased as a result of chronic sleep loss, including those coding for type I procollagen and dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. We also compared sleeping rats to short-term and long-term sleep-deprived rats, and found that acute and chronic sleep loss led to some differences at the molecular level. Several plasticity-related genes were strongly induced after acute sleep deprivation only, and several glial genes were down-regulated in both sleep deprivation conditions, but to a different extent. These findings suggest that sustained sleep loss may trigger a generalized inflammatory and stress response in the brain.
Mesh Headings (Keywords): Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Electroencephalography, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Microarray Analysis, Rats, Rats, Inbred WKY, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Wakefulness
Check for Full Text / PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID): 16923172
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