Depressive Symptoms in Subjects with Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
From: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. m.j.knol@umcutrecht.nl
Psychosomatic medicine
- Publish Date: May 2007
- ISSN: 1534-7796
- Volume: 69
- Issue: 4
- Pages: 300-5
- Medium: Internet
- Language: English
- Citation (JAMA): Knol Mirjam J, Heerdink Eibert R, Egberts Antoine C G, et al. Depressive Symptoms in Subjects with Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.. May 2007;69:300-5
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate if disturbed glucose homeostasis or known diagnosis of diabetes was associated with depressive symptoms. The reason for the increased prevalence of depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is unknown. METHODS: Within the Utrecht Health Project, an ongoing longitudinal study among inhabitants of a residential area of a large city in The Netherlands, 4747 subjects (age: 39.4 +/- 12.5 years) were classified into four mutually exclusive categories: normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (<5.6 mmol/l), impaired FPG (> or =5.6 and <7.0 mmol/l), undiagnosed DM2 (FPG > or =7.0 mmol/l), and diagnosed DM2. Presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a score of > or =25 on the depression subscale of the Symptom Check List (SCL-90) or self-reported use of antidepressants. RESULTS: Diagnosed DM2 was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.72) after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle variables. Additional adjustment for number of chronic diseases reduced the OR to 1.36 (95% CI 0.83-2.23). Impaired fasting glucose and undiagnosed DM2 were not associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that disturbed glucose homeostasis is not associated with depressive symptoms. The increased prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with diagnosed DM2 suggests that depressive symptoms might be a consequence of the burden of diabetes. The number of chronic diseases seems to explain part of the association between DM2 and depressive symptoms.
Mesh Headings (Keywords): Adult, Blood Glucose, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Risk Factors
Check for Full Text / PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID): 17470664
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