Genotype Prevalence and Risk Factors for Severe Clinical Adenovirus Infection, United States 2004-2006.
From: Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. gregory-gray@uiowa.edu
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- Publish Date: Nov 2007
- ISSN: 1537-6591
- Volume: 45
- Issue: 9
- Pages: 1120-31
- Medium: Internet
- Language: English
- Citation (JAMA): Gray Gregory C, McCarthy Troy, Lebeck Mark G, et al. Genotype Prevalence and Risk Factors for Severe Clinical Adenovirus Infection, United States 2004-2006.. Clin. Infect. Dis. Nov 2007;45:1120-31
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recently, epidemiological and clinical data have revealed important changes with regard to clinical adenovirus infection, including alterations in antigenic presentation, geographical distribution, and virulence of the virus. METHODS: In an effort to better understand the epidemiology of clinical adenovirus infection in the United States, we adopted a new molecular adenovirus typing technique to study clinical adenovirus isolates collected from 22 medical facilities over a 25-month period during 2004-2006. A hexon gene sequence typing method was used to characterize 2237 clinical adenovirus-positive specimens, comparing their sequences with those of the 51 currently recognized prototype human adenovirus strains. In a blinded comparison, this method performed well and was much faster than the classic serologic typing method. RESULTS: Among civilians, the most prevalent adenovirus types were types 3 (prevalence, 34.6%), 2 (24.3%), 1 (17.7%), and 5 (5.3%). Among military trainees, the most prevalent types were types 4 (prevalence, 92.8%), 3 (2.6%), and 21 (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: For both populations, we observed a statistically significant increasing trend of adenovirus type 21 detection over time. Among adenovirus isolates recovered from specimens from civilians, 50% were associated with hospitalization, 19.6% with a chronic disease condition, 11% with a bone marrow or solid organ transplantation, 7.4% with intensive care unit stay, and 4.2% with a cancer diagnosis. Multivariable risk factor modeling for adenovirus disease severity found that age <7 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-7.4), chronic disease (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.6-5.1), recent transplantation (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.2), and adenovirus type 5 (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-4.7) or type 21 infection (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 2.6-22.3) increased the risk of severe disease.
Mesh Headings (Keywords): Adenoviridae, Adenovirus Infections, Human, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Male, Microbiological Techniques, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States
Check for Full Text / PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID): 17918073
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